Influence of CNT Concentrations on Structural and Morphological Properties of PANI-SnO2-CNT Nanocomposite Thin Films and the Sensitivity Performance to Detect E. coli in Water

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are particularly attractive for use in sensors for environmental and health monitoring. This study proposes a new approach in developing polymer-metal-based sensor for E. coli detection by using CNTs incorporation. PANI-SnO₂ nanocomposite thin films were combined with CNTs to be fabricated as biosensing devices. PANI-(SnO₂)_1-x-CNT_x nanocomposite thin films were synthesized using sol-gel method and deposited on a glass substrate by spin coating technique. The prepared thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic field microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The sensitivity performance of PANI-(SnO₂)_1-x-CNT_x nanocomposite thin films were conducted by using current-voltage (I-V) measurements. From the results, XRD patterns show the appearance of PANI